Ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya cryogenic ryatangiye kuvumburwa mu myaka ya 1950. Mu iterambere ry'imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya cryogenic defiashing machines, ryanyuze mu bihe bitatu by'ingenzi. Kurikira muri iyi nkuru kugira ngo usobanukirwe muri rusange.
(1) Imashini ya mbere ikuraho ubushyuhe bw'amazi
Ingoma ikonje ikoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyo gukoreraho imigozi ikonje, kandi urubura rwumye rubanza gutoranywa nk'icyuma gikonjesha. Ibice bigomba gusanwa bishyirwa mu ngoma, wenda hongewemo ibindi bikoresho bishya. Ubushyuhe buri imbere mu ngoma bugenzurwa kugira ngo bugere aho impande ziba zoroshye mu gihe ibicuruzwa ubwabyo bitagize icyo bihindura. Kugira ngo iyi ntego igerweho, ubunini bw'inkombe bugomba kuba ≤0.15mm. Ingoma ni yo gice cy'ingenzi cy'ibikoresho kandi ifite imiterere ya octogonal. Icy'ingenzi ni ukugenzura aho icyuma gisohoka gitera, bigatuma habaho kuzenguruka kenshi.
Ingoma izunguruka mu buryo bunyuranyije n'isaha kugira ngo igwe, kandi nyuma y'igihe runaka, impande z'urumuri ziracika intege kandi inzira yo kuzunguruka irarangira. Inenge y'urumuri rwakonje rwo mu gisekuru cya mbere ni impande zidahagije, cyane cyane impande z'urumuri zisigaye ku mpera z'umurongo wo kuzunguruka. Ibi biterwa n'imiterere idakwiye y'ibimera cyangwa ubugari bukabije bw'urwego rwa rubber ku murongo wo kuzunguruka (urenze 0.2mm).
（2）Imashini ya kabiri ikuraho ubushyuhe bw'amazi
Imashini ya kabiri ikoresha uburyo bwa cryogenic deflashing yavuguruye ibintu bitatu hashingiwe ku gisekuru cya mbere. Icya mbere, firigo ihindurwamo azote y'amazi. Urubura rwumye, rufite aho ruborera kuri -78.5°C, ntirukwiriye kuri bimwe mu bikoresho bishyuha cyane, nka silicone rubber. Azote y'amazi, ifite aho ishyuha kuri -195.8°C, ikwiriye ubwoko bwose bwa robe. Icya kabiri, hakozwe impinduka ku gikoresho gifata ibice bigomba gucibwa. Ihindurwa kuva ku ngoma izenguruka ikajya ku mukandara umeze nk'umuyoboro w'amazi nk'umutwaro. Ibi bituma ibice bigwa mu mwobo, bigabanya cyane kubaho kw'ibice byapfuye. Ibi ntibinoza gusa imikorere ahubwo binanongera ubwiza bw'imirongo. Icya gatatu, aho kwishingikiriza gusa ku gukubitana hagati y'ibice kugira ngo bikureho impande z'umuraba, hashyirwaho uburyo bwo guturitsa ibintu neza. Udupira tw'icyuma cyangwa pulasitiki ikomeye ifite ingano ya 0.5 ~ 2mm irasa hejuru y'ibice ku muvuduko wa 2555m / s, bigatuma habaho imbaraga zikomeye. Uku kunoza bigabanya cyane igihe cy'uruziga.
（3）Imashini ya gatatu yo gusohora amazi ashyushye
Imashini ya gatatu yo gucukura ikoresheje cryogenic deflashing ni iterambere rishingiye ku gisekuru cya kabiri. Agasanduku k'ibice bigomba gucukurwa gahindurwamo agasanduku k'ibice bifite inkuta zifite imyobo. Utwo twobo dutwikira inkuta z'agasanduku gafite umurambararo wa mm 5 (uruta umurambararo w'ibice) kugira ngo ibice bicukurwa binyure mu myobo neza kandi bigaruke hejuru y'ibikoresho kugira ngo byongere gukoreshwa. Ibi ntibituma gusa ubushobozi bw'agasanduku burushaho kuba bwiza, ahubwo binagabanya ingano y'ububiko bw'ibikoresho (ibice). Agasanduku k'ibice ntabwo gahagaze neza mu mashini yo gucukura, ahubwo gafite aho gahagarara (40° ~ 60°). Iyi nguni yo gucukura ituma agasanduku gahinduka cyane mu gihe cyo gucukura bitewe n'imbaraga ebyiri zivanze: imwe ni imbaraga zizunguruka zitangwa n'agasanduku ubwako kagwa, indi ni imbaraga zituruka ku gucukura. Iyo izi mbaraga zombi zihujwe, habaho kugenda kwa 360° mu cyerekezo cyose, bigatuma ibice bikuraho impande z'amatara neza kandi burundu mu mpande zose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-08-2023
